The English word "hospitality" refers to the kind reception and treatment of guests. This word is derived from an Old French word hospitalite and from the Latin word hospitalitem - both meaning "friendliness to guests." A whole family of English words has come from these terms. Hospital, hostel, hotel, host, hostess, and hospice all include the idea of lodging and taking care of people.
In the New Testament, the word "hospitality" is translated from the Greek word philoxenia, which meant "a love of strangers."
Today we have hotels and other places of lodging for those who are traveling, but in ancient times, travel was dangerous and inns were few and far between. Extending hospitality towards traveling strangers was looked upon as an obligation and a privilege. When one took in strangers, he would assume the responsibility of providing food, water, lodging and protection for his guests and their animals. Great care was taken not to insult the guests. Their feet would be washed, and the meals would be the best food that could be offered. The guest had a responsibility as well. Out of consideration for the kindness that had been shown him, he was expected to stay no longer than two days (unless his host had extended a clear invitation for him to stay longer).
We see these ancient customs upheld by men such as Abraham (Gen. 18:1-8), Lot (Gen. 19:1-3) and Job (Job 31:32). Both Elijah and Elisha were provided for in the homes of others (1 Kings 17; 2 Kings 4). Although the Children of Israel were to keep themselves separate from the sinful nations around them, the Law of Moses called upon them to practice hospitality to those who came into their midst: "And if a stranger dwells with you in your land, you shall not mistreat him. The stranger who dwells among you shall be to you as one born among you, and you shall love him as yourself; for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God" (Lev. 19:33-34).
Hospitality is both commanded and expected of the Christian. Paul told the Romans to be "given to hospitality" (Rom. 12:13). Peter admonished Christians to "be hospitable to one another without grumbling" (1 Pet. 4:9). The Hebrew writer reminded Christians "do not forget to entertain strangers, for by so doing some have unwittingly entertained angels" (Heb. 13:2). It appears the book of Second John was written to a woman who made it a practice to provide lodging for traveling preachers.
Elders must be "hospitable" (1 Tim. 3:2; Titus 1:8). This qualification is essential for an elder to perform his duty as a shepherd. Seeing as how hospitality is the care for the wellbeing of a stranger, how much more should an elder care for a member of the local church?
Today, when we talk about hospitality, we often think of inviting a few friends over to our home, sharing a meal with them, and spending time talking and enjoying one another's company. This is certainly a wholesome and needed practice, and should be continued. However, we must remember the Bible's admonition to practice hospitality has the primary goal of helping those who are in need.